The History and Popularity of Cowboy Action Shooting Sports
A Modern Guide to Wild West Marksmanship
Cowboy Action Shooting, often abbreviated as CAS, is a sporting event that captures the spirit of the Old West through competitive shooting. Originated in the early 1980s at the Coto de Caza Shooting Range in Orange County, California, it has since gained immense popularity across the globe. This sport uniquely blends historical firearms with the action and style of the American frontier, appealing to those with a fondness for history and a penchant for marksmanship.
Participants in Cowboy Action Shooting use firearms that are typical of the late 19th-century Old West, such as single-action revolvers, lever-action rifles, and side-by-side double-barreled shotguns. Competitions consist of a series of timed shooting stages where accuracy and speed are both crucial. Additionally, competitors often don period costumes and adopt aliases appropriate to the era, adding a role-playing element to the sport.
The growth of Cowboy Action Shooting has been nurtured by organizations like the Single Action Shooting Society (S.A.S.S.), which boasts a substantial membership and sanctions events worldwide. This community fosters not only a competitive environment but also a social one where families can enjoy the sport together, celebrate the bygone era of the Old West, and perpetuate traditional shooting disciplines.
Origins and Evolution of Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) is a competitive shooting sport with a rich history that merges firearms skills with the nostalgic allure of the Old West. It has gained a dedicated following that has propelled its popularity far beyond its American roots.
Birth of the Single Action Shooting Society
In the early 1980s, at the Coto de Caza Shooting Range in Orange County, California, the sport we now know as Cowboy Action Shooting was born. The Single Action Shooting Society (SASS) was subsequently founded to formalize the sport and provide a governing body. SASS laid out the foundational rules and structure that allowed CAS to grow from informal gatherings of shooting enthusiasts into organized competitions with a clear set of standards.
Historical Influences on CAS
Cowboy Action Shooting is deeply rooted in the romanticized image of the Old West, where revolver-wielding cowboys roamed. Participants use firearms typical of the era, such as single-action revolvers, lever-action rifles, and side-by-side shotguns. The sport not only emphasizes accuracy but also historical authenticity, with shooters often donning period-appropriate attire and adopting aliases fitting the Old West.
Development of Cowboy Action Shooting Worldwide
SASS's establishment marked the beginning of CAS's international expansion. The United States remains the hub for CAS, hosting the largest events and holding a significant influence in the sport’s global presence. However, CAS has transcended American borders and acquired participants in multiple countries, establishing itself as a worldwide pastime for those enchanted by the Old West and the camaraderie of competitive shooting.
Foundational Rules of Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) is a sport deeply rooted in historical emulation, from the firearms used to the attire worn. These specific regulations aim to create an authentic Old West shooting experience.
Firearm Specifications
Revolver: Competitors must use single-action revolvers. The firearms should closely resemble the technology available until 1899.
Rifle: Rifle use is limited to lever-action or slide-action models chambered in a pistol caliber.
Shotgun: Side-by-side double barrel, pre-1899 pump, or lever action shotguns are the norm. Semi-auto and modern pump shotguns are not permitted.
Firearms must adhere to these specifications to ensure both historical accuracy and fair competition.
Costume Requirements
Each participant is required to wear an authentic period costume. This could range from a simple western shirt and cowboy boots to elaborate dresses and military uniforms.
Hat: Wide-brimmed to protect from the sun.
Footwear: Cowboy boots; no modern athletic shoes allowed.
Shirts and Pants: Long-sleeve western shirts and period-appropriate pants.
Costumes add to the ambiance of the sport and help transport participants and spectators back to the heyday of the American frontier.
Alias Creation
Competitors must choose an appropriate alias to represent their old-western persona.
Uniqueness: The alias must be unique within the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS).
Appropriateness: Aliases should not be offensive and must follow the "spirit of the game."
The alias is a shooter's identity within the CAS community, serving as a fun and creative aspect of the sport that reinforces the historical theme.
The Competitive Structure of CAS
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) combines elements of historical reenactment with competitive marksmanship. The structure of competition is meticulously organized to ensure both historical authenticity and fair scoring.
Standard Shooting Categories
CAS participants choose from a variety of shooting categories that may dictate the type of firearms used and sometimes clothing. These categories are often divided by age, gender, and the specific firearms:
Traditional: Uses single-action revolvers, pistol-caliber lever-action rifles, and side-by-side double-barrel or pre-1899 pump shotguns without modifications that would render the firearm ineligible for "Traditional" or "Modern" categories in earlier years of the sport.
Modern: Similar to Traditional but allows adjustable sights and some ergonomic modifications to the firearms.
Black Powder: Participants must use black powder in all their firearms which adds to the challenge due to increased smoke and residue.
Cowboy: This category is designed for shooters who wish to compete using the firearms and techniques of the "Old West."
This delineation keeps the competition equitable and categorizes shooters by the equipment they prefer or the historical period they wish to represent.
Scoring Systems
In CAS, the scoring is mainly time-based with added penalties for missed targets, procedural infractions, or safety violations. Penalties add time to the shooter's score, ensuring a competitor aims for both speed and accuracy. The primary scoring consistencies across CAS matches are:
"Total Time": Total time for all stages combined determines the winner.
"Rank Point": Competitors earn points relative to their ranking in each stage.
Scores are meticulously tracked and provide both an individual and an overall match ranking, which adds to the competitive atmosphere of CAS.
Target Engagements
CAS ensures a test of proficiency with various firearms through target engagements using steel targets for instant feedback on accuracy. The array of targets and sequences offers a diverse challenge for shooters:
Revolvers: Generally engaged at close range with "round" or "square" steel targets.
Rifles: Mid-range targets with a focus on larger "reactive" steel targets that emphasize the shooter's timing and accuracy.
Shotguns: Shooters must hit "knockdown" steel targets where shot placement is key to a successful stage performance.
Each shooting stage within CAS involves a unique sequence of target engagements, modeled after scenarios from the Wild West or classic cowboy films, testing the shooters' adaptability and proficiency across multiple firearms.
Sporting Firearms and Accessories
The Cowboy Action Shooting sport is distinct for its unique set of firearms and accessories that evoke the spirit of the Old West. Participants select authentic or replica guns and gear that were prevalent during the late 19th century.
Revolvers and Their Significance
Revolvers are a cornerstone of Cowboy Action Shooting, with the Colt Single Action Army being the most iconic. Shooters often choose reproductions due to their affordability and widespread availability. These firearms represent the heritage of the Western Frontier and are renowned for their reliability and historical significance.
Rifles and Shotguns in Competition
In addition to revolvers, competitors use lever-action rifles reminiscent of the Winchester Model 1873 or Model 1866. For shotguns, double-barrels or pump-action models based on the Winchester Model 1897 are standard choices. The rifle and shotgun are chosen for their period-accurate operation, which requires skill and practice to master in the context of timed events.
Holsters and Gun Belts
Holsters and gun belts are not only practical accessories for carrying firearms but also contribute to the authenticity of a competitor's attire. Holsters are typically made of leather and are designed to securely hold revolvers, while gun belts are equipped with loops for additional ammunition, ensuring quick reloads during competitions. The craftsmanship of these items is a nod to the resourcefulness and ingenuity of Old West pioneers.
Safety Protocols and Handling
In Cowboy Action Shooting sports, the adherence to strict safety protocols and proper handling of firearms is paramount. Participants must demonstrate discipline in firearm handling, observe range etiquette, and understand the consequences of safety violations.
Firearm Safety Measures
Participants are expected to handle all firearms with the utmost care, following the four basic rules of gun safety:
Treat every gun as if it is loaded.
Never point a firearm at anything you're not willing to destroy.
Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.
Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
Additionally, all shooters must comply with the safeties set forth by the governing body, SASS, which closely align with the National Rifle Association (NRA) safety guidelines.
Range Etiquette
Proper range etiquette is as follows:
Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction, usually downrange.
Listening and adhering to the commands of the Range Safety Officers (RSOs) is fundamental.
Guns are to be holstered or staged in designated safe areas unless instructed otherwise by an RSO.
Use of personal protective equipment, including eye and ear protection, is mandatory.
Penalties for Safety Violations
Safety violations may result in penalty points, which can affect a competitor's standings, as outlined:
Violation Severity Penalty Points Minor Infraction 10 Points Major Infraction 30 Points Grounds for Disqualification Immediate and for the duration of the event
Consistency in enforcing penalties is essential in maintaining the integrity of the sport and the safety of all participants.
Cultural Impact and Community
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) has carved out a unique niche within shooting sports by embracing the Old West's heritage and fostering a close-knit community atmosphere. Through its colorful events and homage to historical figures, CAS provides both a cultural touchpoint and a social framework for its participants.
Role within the Old West Heritage
Within CAS, the spirit of the Old West is not just preserved; it is actively enacted. Participants often adopt pseudonyms reminiscent of the era, engaging in roleplay that honors the values and adventurous spirit associated with the frontier. Events are stylized to mirror the period, complete with old time costumes and period-appropriate firearms, which serve to educate participants and spectators alike about an iconic chapter in American history. This participation in old-fashioned cowboy skills and the romanticized frontier lifestyle reinvigorates interest in the Old West.
Community Engagement and Events
Community lies at the heart of Cowboy Action Shooting. Local, regional, and international events function as more than mere competitions; they are gatherings that foster camaraderie and collective enjoyment of a shared pastime. One key event in the CAS calendar is the End of Trail, a world championship event that draws wide participation from the CAS community. It exemplifies the cooperative spirit of the game, with participants often volunteering to help run matches. Besides competitive events, the community extends into social gatherings, educational workshops, and charity initiatives, all of which bolster community ties.
Notable Figures in CAS
Certain individuals within Cowboy Action Shooting have made significant contributions to its culture and organization. Judge Roy Bean, revered as one of the founders of the sport, has been instrumental in shaping the community aspect of CAS. Other influential figures such as Tex, representing the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS), have maintained and enriched the sport's traditions. Competitors like Holy Terror and Quick Cal represent the pinnacle of skill in CAS and serve as role models within the shooting community. These esteemed figures help to maintain the authenticity and spirit of the game, making it enduringly popular among enthusiasts.
Modern Trends in Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting has seen considerable growth in recent years, driven by advancements in technology and a dynamic public image. These trends have helped maintain the sport's appeal in the present world.
Popularity and Growth
Cowboy Action Shooting's popularity is on a steady rise. The Single Action Shooting Society (SASS), the leading organization in this arena, has garnered a significant following with events that frequently draw participants eager to engage in the historical reenactment aspect of the sport. Communities form around these gatherings, emphasizing the inclusive and wholesome environment for families and shooters of all ages.
Technology and Firearms
Firearm Manufacturers: Several makers now specialize in producing period-accurate yet modern-functioning firearms, meeting the demands of Cowboy Action enthusiasts. Popular models include reproductions of the famed Winchester Model 1897 pump-action shotgun and the Marlin 1895 Cowboy, a lever-action rifle offering performance enhancements compatible with Cowboy Action Shooting specifications.
Firearms Technology: Presently, shooters benefit from both the aesthetic of old weaponry and the reliability of new manufacturing techniques, ensuring that the firearms are safe, accurate, and durable. The widespread availability of these carefully crafted guns has enabled shooters to experience the sport with greater authenticity and efficiency.
Media Representation and Public Perception
Cowboy Action Shooting has been featured across various media platforms, enhancing public perception and interest in the sport. The romanticization of the Old West, coupled with a vibrant shooter community, has created a solid impression among the public. Proper information dissemination through articles and online content has educated the public about the values and excitement of cowboy action sports, stimulating a positive reception and interest from potential new shooters.
Major Competitions and Records
Cowboy Action Shooting sports boast a range of notable events, with the "End of Trail" World Championship serving as the pinnacle competition. Other events also contribute to the sport's vibrant culture and history, establishing records and highlighting exceptional achievements among competitors.
End of Trail – The World Championship
The End of Trail is the illustrious World Championship of Cowboy Action Shooting. Organized by the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS), it is an annual event that attracts competitors globally. This premier event has been a staple since the early 1980s, exemplifying the zenith of skill and competitiveness in the sport.
Other Renowned Cowboy Action Shooting Events
In addition to the End of Trail, a myriad of other events populate the Cowboy Action Shooting calendar:
Winter Range: It previously served as the National Championship of Cowboy Action Shooting.
Land Run: The Single Action Shooting Society's annual national championship, which follows closely in prestige to the World Championship.
These events and numerous others contribute to the sport's enduring appeal and competitive spirit.
Historic Records and Achievements
While individual records in Cowboy Action Shooting are less commonly publicized than in some other competitive sports, the achievements within this sport often focus on the shooters' accuracy and speed across various firearms. Historic milestones are typically commemorated by the SASS, with special recognition:
Hall of Fame: SASS maintains a Hall of Fame to honor those who have made significant contributions to the sport, including record-setting shooters.
Annual Winners: Each major competition typically records the winners and their achievements, contributing to the history of the sport.
Getting Involved in Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting has gained significant popularity by blending historical firearms with Old West themed competitions. Individuals interested in participating can join the community through various channels, from local SASS-affiliated clubs to nationwide events catering to competitors of all ages.
Joining SASS-affiliated Clubs
SASS, or the Single Action Shooting Society, serves as the governing body for Cowboy Action Shooting and hosts more than 95,000 members. Newcomers can join by locating a nearby SASS-affiliated club, which often offer events and gatherings for members at all skill levels. To find a club:
Visit the SASS official website
Use the club finder tool
Contact local ranges for event schedules
Active participation in these clubs provides not just an opportunity to shoot, but also to learn from seasoned practitioners about costuming, historical accuracy, and gun handling.
Participation for Youth and Adults
Cowboy Action Shooting is inclusive, with categories such as Buckaroo/Buckarette for junior shooters under 14, and Wrangler/Lady Wrangler for adults. There are also age-based distinctions like Elder Statesman/Grand Dame for participants 65 or older. Firearms used vary depending on the category but commonly include single-action revolvers, lever-action rifles in pistol calibers, and side-by-side shotguns without ejectors.
Junior Shooters:
Buckaroo/Buckarette: .22 caliber firearms encouraged
Mentorship often available
Adult Competitors:
Cowboy/Cowgirl for the open adult division
Frontier Cartridge for shooters using black powder or substitute
Age and equipment classifications ensure safety and a level playing field for all competitors.
Finding Information and Resources
For those seeking additional details about getting started or advancing in Cowboy Action Shooting, ample resources are available:
Email: Reach out to the NRA for information on Lever Action matches
Phone: Inquiries about rules and participation can be made at 703-267-1480
Online: Official SASS guides and the Pew Pew Tactical website offer extensive resources for equipment and skill training.
It is critical that newcomers acquaint themselves with the safety protocols, equipment regulations, and competitive framework provided by these resources to ensure a responsible and enjoyable experience.
