How to Live Off Grid in Wisconsin
A Practical Guide for a Sustainable Lifestyle
This Article is Part of Our Guide on Living Off-Grid for all 50 US-States
Living off the grid in Wisconsin has become an increasingly popular lifestyle choice for those seeking to reduce their carbon footprint, embrace a simpler way of life, and gain independence from the traditional power grid. With its primarily rural landscape and a large population of Amish communities, Wisconsin provides ample opportunities for individuals interested in pursuing this self-sufficient lifestyle. However, it is essential to research and understand the state's off-grid laws and requirements before making the leap.
In Wisconsin, off-grid living is legal, and there are no specific regulations for harvesting rainwater. However, some counties may impose restrictions on how rainwater is stored and utilized. The state's diverse terrain and often harsh winters may present some challenges to those looking to live off the grid. Therefore, careful planning, preparation, and adaptation are required to ensure a successful transition to this way of life.
Some of the best counties in Wisconsin for embracing off-grid living and homesteading include Dane County, Waukesha County, Brown County, Menominee County, Marathon County, Bayfield County, and Green County. By selecting the right location, following local regulations, and implementing sustainable practices, living off the grid in Wisconsin can ultimately be a rewarding and fulfilling experience.
Understanding Off-Grid Living
Benefits of Off-Grid Living
Off-grid living provides numerous benefits to those who choose this lifestyle. One of the primary advantages is the independence it offers from traditional utilities and reliance on the power grid. This often leads to a more sustainable lifestyle, as off-grid living typically incorporates renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power.
Another major benefit of off-grid living is the opportunity to live in harmony with nature and reduce one's carbon footprint. This is particularly appealing to individuals who are environmentally conscious and aim to live more eco-friendly.
Challenges of Off-Grid Living
While off-grid living offers numerous benefits, it also presents distinct challenges. One of the main obstacles is the upfront cost of setting up an off-grid homestead. This may include purchasing land, building or renovating a home, and installing alternative energy systems.
Additionally, off-grid living in Wisconsin can be affected by local zoning ordinances and regulations that may impact the desired lifestyle. It is essential to be aware of these legal considerations when planning to live off the grid.
Off-Grid Living vs. Traditional Living
Aspect Off-Grid Living Traditional Living Energy source Renewable (solar, wind, etc.) Grid-dependent Utility reliance Minimal or none Fully dependent Environmental impact Lower carbon footprint Higher carbon footprint Initial costs Higher (setup, equipment) Lower (move-in ready) Long-term costs Lower (self-sufficient) Higher (utility bills)
Off-grid living differs significantly from traditional lifestyles that rely on the power grid. It offers greater independence and the opportunity to live more sustainably, reducing one's impact on the environment. While the initial setup costs may be higher, long-term expenses are typically lower as off-grid living often reduces or eliminates utility bills.
In contrast, traditional living is more reliant on the power grid, which can negatively impact the environment. Initial costs may be lower, but long-term expenses such as utility bills tend to be higher than off-grid living.
In conclusion, understanding the benefits, challenges, and differences between off-grid living and traditional living can help prospective off-grid homesteaders make informed decisions and successfully transition to a sustainable lifestyle in Wisconsin.
Legal and Zoning Considerations
When planning to live off-grid in Wisconsin, it is essential to be aware of the legal and zoning considerations that can impact your off-grid lifestyle. This section will outline the key aspects of zoning laws and regulations, building codes, and permits required for living off the grid in Wisconsin.
Zoning Laws and Regulations
In Wisconsin, zoning laws determine the allowable uses for your property. Agricultural-zoned land typically has more relaxed regulations, while shoreland and floodplain zoning may have stricter rules. Some areas in Wisconsin do not have zoning regulations at all. To ensure compliance, it is essential to research local zoning laws and requirements before purchasing land or building your off-grid home.
Building Codes and Permits
Wisconsin adheres to the Uniform Dwelling Code, which sets standards for residential building construction. However, "primitive rural hunting cabins" are exempt from meeting these requirements under Wisconsin Stat. 101.61. To qualify for this exemption, the structure must:
Not be used as a home or residence
Be used primarily for recreational hunting activity
For structures not meeting these criteria, adherence to the Uniform Dwelling Code is required. It is important to obtain relevant permits and inspections before constructing or modifying your off-grid home.
In addition to building permits, sanitation permits are required for installing outhouses in Wisconsin. A soil test is generally needed before constructing an outhouse. For water and power systems, it is essential to obtain appropriate permits and inspections to ensure compliance with local and state regulations.
By understanding the legal and zoning considerations in Wisconsin, you can confidently plan your off-grid living experience. Staying informed about local laws, regulations, and permit requirements will help ensure a successful and legal off-grid lifestyle.
Choosing the Right Location
Climate and Environment
When planning to live off the grid in Wisconsin, considering the climate and environment is essential. Wisconsin has a humid continental climate, with cold winters and warm summers. The southern regions, including Dane County and Waukesha County, experience milder winters and more moderate temperatures throughout the year. Northern areas, on the other hand, are colder and see heavy snowfall from Lake Superior. If you prefer a milder climate, consider the southern part of the state, while those who enjoy the cold might find the north more suitable.
Land Accessibility and Prices
The price of land in Wisconsin is relatively affordable, and some of the best places to live off the grid include Dane, Waukesha, Brown, Menominee, Marathon, Bayfield, and Green counties. Rural areas offer more land at lower prices, perfect for those looking to start their off-grid adventure.
Here's a brief overview of land prices in various Wisconsin counties:
County Average Land Price per Acre Dane $10,000 - $15,000 Waukesha $5,000 - $10,000 Brown $3,000 - $8,000 Menominee $2,000 - $6,000 Marathon $3,000 - $8,000 Bayfield $2,000 - $6,000 Green $4,000 - $9,000
Proximity to Communities
While living off the grid, it's essential to maintain some connection to nearby communities for access to resources, support, and potential trade opportunities. Dane County and Waukesha County have more developed communities and infrastructure, while Menominee and Bayfield counties are more rural and remote.
Proximity to bodies of water, such as Lake Michigan or Lake Superior, is beneficial for off-grid living. Clean water sources, such as wells or rivers, are crucial since you won't have access to a municipal water supply.
By considering the climate, land accessibility and prices, and proximity to communities, you can choose the ideal location for your off-grid lifestyle in Wisconsin.
Building Your Off-Grid Home
Sustainable Housing Options
When planning to live off-grid in Wisconsin, consider sustainable housing options such as tiny homes and manufactured homes. These options not only reduce ecological footprint but also serve as cost-effective alternatives to traditional housing. Tiny homes, in particular, facilitate efficient use of space and resources, while manufactured homes are prefabricated, making their construction less labor-intensive and environmentally invasive. In Wisconsin, Dane County, Waukesha County, Brown County, Menominee County, Marathon County, Bayfield County, and Green County are generally recommended for off-grid living and homesteading.
Energy-Efficient Insulation
Wisconsin's cold winters necessitate proper insulation in off-grid homes. Invest in energy-efficient insulation materials that can withstand the state's unique climate. Some popular choices include:
Spray foam insulation: Seals gaps and enhances thermal performance.
Cellulose insulation: Eco-friendly, made from recycled materials, and offers excellent thermal resistance.
Mineral wool insulation: Provides thermal, fire, and sound insulation.
Proper insulation helps maintain comfortable indoor temperatures while reducing energy consumption, making it a crucial aspect of off-grid living in Wisconsin.
Waste and Water Management
Living off-grid requires careful consideration of waste disposal and water rights. In Wisconsin, you must seek necessary permits for water access and waste management, ensuring that your off-grid home follows state regulations.
Waste Disposal: Off-grid waste management options include composting toilets, incinerating toilets, and septic systems. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, so choose the one that best fits your needs and complies with local regulations.
Collecting and Storing Freshwater: Freshwater availability can be a challenge in some off-grid locations. To secure an adequate supply, obtain water rights and permits before settling on a property. Rainwater harvesting, digging wells, and accessing nearby freshwater sources are potential solutions to address your water needs.
By addressing sustainable housing, energy-efficient insulation, and proper waste and water management, you can effectively establish an off-grid home in Wisconsin, enjoying the benefits of self-reliance and minimal environmental impact.
Energy and Utilities
Harnessing Renewable Energy
Living off-grid in Wisconsin requires the use of renewable energy sources. The most common options include solar power and wind energy. Solar panels can be installed on your property, providing a sustainable source of energy to power your home. Wind turbines are another popular choice, especially in areas with consistent wind patterns.
It's important to research and evaluate the renewable energy potential of your specific location in Wisconsin. This can help determine the most efficient solar panel systems or wind turbines for your needs and ensure reliable power generation.
Off-Grid Electricity Solutions
For a fully off-grid lifestyle in Wisconsin, you will need alternative electricity solutions beyond the traditional power grid. Solar power can be harnessed through photovoltaic (PV) solar panel systems, generating electricity to meet your daily energy needs. One example of a solar PV system size for a Wisconsin home is 7.32 kW, which produces an estimated energy output of 10,766 kWh/year.
In addition to solar power, battery storage systems are essential for off-grid living. They store excess energy produced by your solar panels or wind turbines, providing a reservoir of electricity for times when the renewable sources aren't producing enough power.
Heating and Cooling Systems
The energy-efficient heating and cooling systems you choose for your off-grid home in Wisconsin can minimize your environmental impact while still maintaining a comfortable living environment. Examples of these systems include:
Passive solar design: Capitalizing on solar energy to heat your home through strategic window placement, insulation, and building materials.
Wood-fired boilers: A sustainable option ideal for rural properties, wood-fired boilers can provide central heating and hot water using locally-sourced wood.
Heat recovery ventilation systems: These systems can help maintain comfortable indoor temperatures and air quality by exchanging stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air while preserving heat in colder months.
Geothermal heating and cooling: Utilizing the consistent underground temperature to heat or cool your home efficiently.
When choosing the best heating and cooling systems, remember to consider local climate factors such as cold Wisconsin winters or high humidity levels, ensuring your systems can accommodate these conditions. Adopting energy-efficient and sustainable options enables you to live a self-sufficient, off-grid lifestyle while reducing your carbon footprint.
Land Use and Agriculture
Wisconsin offers excellent opportunities for off-grid living, particularly in terms of land use and agriculture.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices
Sustainable agriculture is an essential component of living off-grid. In Wisconsin, farmers have adopted various sustainable practices to minimize environmental impact and ensure a constant supply of healthy food. Examples include crop rotation, organic farming, and conservation tillage. For those who want to live off-grid, it's essential to research how these practices might suit your specific plot of land for optimal growth.
Gardening and Food Self-Sufficiency
Gardening is an important aspect of off-grid living. In Wisconsin, there are several crops that thrive, such as potatoes and cranberries. To achieve self-sufficiency, it's not only essential to grow enough food, but also to learn how to store and preserve the harvest. For example:
Greenhouses can help off-gridders extend the growing season
Canning and pickling techniques extend the shelf-life of certain fruits and vegetables
Drying and freezing methods can be used to preserve foods like herbs and berries
Moreover, incorporating native plants that attract pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, will help maintain a healthy ecosystem in your garden.
Livestock and Animal Husbandry
Raising livestock can contribute significantly to off-grid living in terms of food and resources. Wisconsin's landscape is ideal for various types of animals. Here are a few popular choices for off-gridders:
Cows can provide milk and meat for consumption
Chickens are versatile, offering eggs and meat, as well as helping with pest control
Goats supply milk, cheese, and meat, and can help with clearing land
It's vital to ensure you follow local regulations and guidelines when raising livestock. Managing waste correctly and ensuring you have proper containment and care for animals will prevent conflicts with wildlife and prevent environmental issues.
By combining sustainable agriculture practices, gardening for self-sufficiency, and responsible livestock management, living off the grid in Wisconsin can be a rewarding and fulfilling endeavor.
Water Sources and Management
Freshwater Sources and Storage
In Wisconsin, there are various sources of freshwater that can be utilized for off-grid living. These include natural water bodies such as lakes and rivers, as well as groundwater from wells. It is important to ensure a reliable and consistent water supply by choosing the right location for your off-grid homestead and having a proper water storage system in place.
When relying on wells, it is crucial to obtain the necessary permits and meet local regulations for drilling and water usage. In some areas of Wisconsin, accessing the water table may require deep drilling, so consider the costs and feasibility while planning your off-grid water system. For water storage, it's beneficial to have a combination of above-ground and below-ground storage to maintain a consistent temperature and prevent freezing during winter.
Rainwater Harvesting Systems
Rainwater harvesting is an excellent way to supplement your freshwater source in an off-grid setup. Wisconsin receives an average annual rainfall of about 30-34 inches, which makes rainwater collection a viable option for sourcing water. Here are some key components to consider when setting up a rainwater harvesting system:
Roof catchment area: To harvest rainwater, your roof should be designed to funnel water into gutters and downspouts. Ensure that the roofing material is suitable for collecting potable water, such as metal or asphalt shingles.
Pre-filtration: To prevent debris and organic matter from entering your storage system, pre-filtration is essential. Set up screens or meshes over your gutters and downspouts to separate unwanted materials from the collected water.
Storage tanks: Rainwater storage tanks can be above ground or below ground, with materials such as polyethylene, fiberglass, or concrete. Select storage tank size based on your anticipated water usage and local rainfall patterns.
Treatment and distribution: To use harvested rainwater for potable purposes, ensure that your system includes a water treatment process, which may involve filtration and disinfection, such as UV or chlorine treatment. Develop a distribution system, which could include pumps and pipework, that allows the treated water to be redistributed for household use.
In summary, when planning your off-grid water system in Wisconsin, consider utilizing a combination of freshwater sources like lakes or wells, along with rainwater harvesting systems. With proper design, storage, and treatment, you can ensure a reliable and sustainable water supply for your off-grid lifestyle.
Financial Considerations
Property Taxes and Exemptions
When considering living off-grid in Wisconsin, it's essential to take property taxes into account. In general, Wisconsin's property tax rates are higher than the national average. However, there may be exemptions and reductions available to help offset these costs. For instance, Wisconsin offers a Homestead Tax Credit to reduce the impact of property taxes on low-income households. It's crucial to research the specific county where you plan to live off-grid, as tax rates and exemptions can vary by location.
Low Cost of Living
Despite higher property taxes, Wisconsin has a relatively low cost of living compared to other states. The overall cost of living index in Wisconsin is 94.5, which is below the national average of 100. This means that many aspects of life, such as housing, transportation, and groceries, are more affordable. Living off-grid can further contribute to reduced living expenses, as it often involves producing your own resources, like food or energy, which can lead to substantial savings.
Federal and State Incentives
Living off-grid in Wisconsin can be more affordable if you take advantage of federal and state incentives. For example, the Federal Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) allows off-grid homeowners to claim a federal tax credit for up to 26% of their solar panel installation costs.
Additionally, Wisconsin offers various state incentives, such as the Focus on Energy program, which provides incentives for energy-efficient appliances and equipment. By utilizing these federal and state incentives, off-grid homeowners can potentially save money on their initial investments and upkeep costs.
Surviving Wisconsin Elements
Dealing with Harsh Winters
Wisconsin is known for its harsh winters with heavy snowfall and cold temperatures. As an off-grid dweller, it is crucial to be well-prepared for these conditions.
To withstand the cold winters, it is essential to have a well-insulated and energy-efficient home. Utilize materials like spray foam insulation and thermal mass walls to help keep your home warm. You can also take advantage of south-facing windows to let in natural light and warmth. In addition, a reliable heating system such as woodstoves, propane heaters, or solar thermal systems can help keep you warm.
Here are some steps to handle snow removal:
Invest in a quality snowblower or snow plow attachment for your vehicle.
Shovel snow regularly to prevent buildup and ice formation.
Clear paths to crucial areas like solar panels, water sources, and entrances.
Keep a stockpile of sand or salt for icy walkways.
Preparing for Natural Disasters
Although Wisconsin is relatively safe from many natural disasters, it is still essential to be prepared for potential emergencies while living off-grid. Some common natural disasters in Wisconsin include floods, tornadoes, and severe storms.
Disaster Preparation Tips Floods 1. Build your home on higher ground or use a raised foundation. 2. Keep sandbags and a water pump available to redirect water. 3. Stay aware of flood warnings and evacuate if needed. Tornadoes 1. Create a tornado-safe room or shelter in your home or nearby. 2. Keep an emergency kit with food, water, and essentials during tornado season. Severe Storms 1. Regularly maintain roofing and siding to prevent damage. 2. Keep a backup generator or alternative power source available. 3. Trim trees and branches around your property to minimize hazards.
Remember to always stay informed about potential threats by tuning in to NOAA Weather Radio or subscribing to local alerts. Moreover, having an emergency plan in place and practicing it will help ensure that you and your family are prepared for any unforeseen circumstances.
Community and Lifestyle
Integrating with Local Communities
Living off the grid in Wisconsin presents an opportunity to integrate with local communities that share similar values and aim for sustainability. With a low population density, the state offers various locations where one can find solitude and maintain an off-grid lifestyle. However, it is essential to be aware of the local laws and regulations, as different counties may have specific restrictions in place.
For those starting their off-grid journey, here are some steps to consider:
Research: Study the local regulations and zoning laws in the county where you plan to establish your homestead. This ensures that your off-grid living adheres to legal guidelines and avoids any potential issues.
Network: Connect with existing off-grid communities and families in Wisconsin. They can offer guidance, advice, and experience to help you settle into your new lifestyle.
Participate: Engage in local events and gatherings, contributing to the community, and fostering relationships with your neighbors.
Cultural Aspects of Off-Grid Living
Wisconsin is home to various cultural groups, including the Amish community, known for their off-grid lifestyles and sustainable practices. Embracing the cultural aspects of off-grid living can enrich your experience and provide valuable insights into maintaining a self-sufficient lifestyle. Some key cultural aspects to consider include:
Sustainability: Adopt eco-friendly practices, such as rainwater harvesting and solar power, to reduce your carbon footprint. As mentioned in the search results, there are no regulations in Wisconsin that prevent rainwater harvesting, but some county-specific storage restrictions may apply.
Traditional skills: Learn and practice traditional skills, such as gardening, woodworking, and food preservation, to enhance self-reliance and share knowledge within the community.
Bartering and sharing: Embrace a cooperative mindset by exchanging goods, services, and resources with your neighbors, promoting interdependence and strong community bonds.
In conclusion, living off-grid in Wisconsin provides a unique opportunity to connect with local communities and adapt to a different lifestyle. It is crucial to research local laws, network with existing off-grid residents, and embrace the cultural aspects of sustainable living for a smooth transition and successful integration into the community.
Sanitation and Hygiene
Alternative Toilet Systems
When living off-grid in Wisconsin, traditional waste disposal options may not be available or suitable. Fortunately, the state's laws are favorable for alternative waste treatment solutions, allowing off-grid residents to explore various options. Some popular alternative toilet systems include:
Incinerating toilets: These toilets operate by burning human waste, reducing it to ash. They require no water, making them ideal for locations with limited water access.
Compost toilets: These environmentally friendly systems convert human waste into compost, which can be used as fertilizer for non-edible plants. Compost toilets require occasional maintenance but have the added benefit of producing nutrient-rich compost.
Outhouses: Tried and tested, outhouses are a simple solution for off-grid living. They consist of a pit that is covered by a small structure, providing privacy and maintaining sanitation.
Maintaining Hygiene Off-Grid
Hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy and comfortable off-grid lifestyle. Since water use may be limited, focus on water conservation and efficient use. Here are some tips for maintaining hygiene off-grid:
Rainwater harvesting: Collecting rainwater is a practical way to meet your water needs in an off-grid setup. While Wisconsin does not have regulations on rainwater harvesting, some counties may have restrictions on storage methods.
Solar showers: Harnessing solar energy to heat water can provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for off-grid showering. Solar showers are portable and can be easily set up in various locations.
Biodegradable products: Opt for biodegradable soaps and shampoos, which are more eco-friendly and compatible with graywater systems. This practice helps minimize the environmental impact of your hygiene routine.
Graywater systems: Reusing graywater from sinks and showers for non-potable purposes, such as watering plants and flushing toilets, can help conserve water in an off-grid lifestyle. Ensure proper filtration and treatment of graywater to avoid contamination.
By researching and implementing these alternative waste disposal and hygiene practices, you can make your off-grid lifestyle in Wisconsin more sustainable and environmentally friendly while maintaining a high level of cleanliness and comfort.
